Method for making coffee



May 7, 1963 F. J. Rr-:NNERY ETAL 3,088,826

METHOD FoR MAKIG COFFEE:

Original Filed'March 5, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 L1 LL May 7, 1963 F. J. RENNER ETAL 3,088,826

METHOD FoR MAKING COFFEE Original Filed March 5, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent O 1 Claim. (Cl. 99-71) The present invention relates to an improved method for making coffee and similar infusions.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved coffee brewing method in which the coffee solubles are extracted from ground coffee while the ground coffee Iis still contained within the container in which it is originally packed.

Heretofore a coffee yinfusion has been made by placing the ground coffee in a bag, or in a cartridge, and then causing hot water to pass through :the ground coffee while it is contained within the bag or the cartridge. This prior art process necessarily includes the steps of opening the container in which the coffee is originally packed, and transferring the contents from the said container to the bag or cartridge, and it also necessarily includes the steps of removing the spent coffee grounds from the bag or cartridge, disposing of the same, and cleaning out the bag or cartridge.

According .to the present invention, the last-named steps are eliminated since the extraction takes place in the original container, and the problem of grounds dis posal is merely one of disposing of the original container.

The method of the present invention is particularly applicable to commercial coffee makers, of .the type used in restaurants, and to automatic coffee vending machines. However, its utility is not limited to such apparatus since one of the characteristics of the present method is that the coffee is extracted immediately after the container seal is broken, thus providing freshly brewed coffee. Thus, according to the present invention, freshly brewed coffee may be provided for either commercial or domestic purposes.

The present invention is described with reference to its application in a device similar to that shown in Renner Patent No. 2,702,000, dated February 15, 1955, in which the water is pre-heated to the desired temperature, and then forced through the extractor and into a reservoir by the pressure of the water main, or water supply system. In this connection, the invention is described with respect to a coffee making device in which the coffee containers are automatically fed into the extracting station, and in which extraction and ejection of the spent container is effected automatically.

Another object of `the present invention is to provide a coffee making method which is capable of use in apparatus for automatically making ysuccessive batches Iof freshly brewed cof-fee.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved extraction method in which the original coffee container serves the purpose of the extractor cartridge.

According to the present invention, an end wall of the original coffee container is first perforated, a predetermined quantity of hot water is then forced throng-h the container and into the reservoir, and then the spent container is automatically discarded.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved method for performing the two functions of perforating the end walls of a coffee container or the like, and for providing a water-tight seal between the perforating means and the container itself, to the end that the container becomes a part of the fluid circuit.

rrice According to one embodiment of the invention, an end wall of the coffee container is utilized to provide a portion of the header chamber and the bead of the container is utilized for providing a water-tight seal between those portions of the header chamber which constitute the can itself and those portions which constitute the apparatus.

Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

With reference now to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate like parts:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an extractor illustrating the method of our invention, and embodying certain features thereof, the view being taken generally along l-ine 1-1 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 2 is an elevation of the container feed which is associated with the extractor, the view being taken substantially along line 2-2 of FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is a detail plan section of certain of the parts shown in FIG. 1, showing said parts in a changed position;

FIG. 4 is a detailed View of a perforating pin;

FIG. 5 is an end view of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a section of a modified form of perforating The present invention contempla-tes the provision of a fluid circuit including a source of fluid pressure, such as a water main, a water hea-ter, an extractor 10, and a coffee reservoir, all as described in the aforesaid Patent No. 2,702,000', in which reference is hereby made. These elements are connected in series circuit with each other, only the extractor 10 being shown herein.

With reference now to FIG. 1, the extractor 10 comprises a coffee container 11, plates 12 and suitable actuating mechanism. Mounted on each of the plates 12 are one or more perforating pins 13, a nipple 14 and a gasket 15. The actuating mechanism includes cranks 16 and connecting rods 17.

The coffee container 11 is a standard type of metal container in which coffee is commercially packed for sale, preferably of the sealed or vacuum type of can. The container 11 is provided with the usual cylindrical side wall 18 and with end walls 119' and such a container is characterized by the provision of a bead 2) which Asurrounds each end wall 19 and projects slightly beyond the average plane of the end wall, as shown in FIG, 3.

In operation, when a container 111 is located between the plates 12 in the manner shown in FIG. l, and the cranks l16 are rotated, the plates 12 will move toward the end walls of the container, and the latter will be pierced by the perforating pins 13. Means are provided to include the interior of the container in the fluid circuit aforementioned so that the soluble coffee may be extracted from the coffee grounds disposed within the container.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, such means include the provision of an inlet header chamber 21, and an outlet header chamber 22. Each header chamber is defined by the plate 12, or its overlying gasket 15, and by the end wall 19 and by the bead 20. Thus, part of the header chamber is provided by the mechanism itself, and part by the container, or work which is operated upon. The two header chambers are connected into the fluid circuit by means of a flexible inlet conduit 23 which is attached to one of the nipples 14 which leads from the water heater, and by a flexible outlet conduit 24 attached to the other nipple 14, and which leads to the coffee reservoir. i

The perforating pins 13, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are provided with recesses 25 in the perforating surfaces thereof. In the arrangement shown, the perforating surfaces are pyramidal in arrangement, and the recesses 25 are ground, one in each of the plane surfaces.

As the plates 12 move into engagement with the container 11, the beads 20 cooperate with the resilient gaskets .to provide water tight seals for the respective charnbers. A suitable valve, not shown, is located in the inlet conduit 23, between the nipple l14 and the water heater, and this is opened to cause hot water to flow in the uid circuit which includes the header chamber 21, the inlterior of the container 11, the header chamber 22, and thence through the outlet conduit 24 to the reservoir. The recesses `25 provide a small clearance between the perforated end wall 19 and the body of the perforating pins 13 to provide communication between each header chamber and the interior of the container 11. The cross sectional dimensions of the communicating passageway thus formed is thus smaller than the average grain size of the coffee grounds 217 so that the passageway serves as a filter. The perforating operation also provides extrusions 26 as shown in FIG. 3, which also contribute to the filtering action.

Thus, the ground coffee 27 may be extracted without moving the same from the container 11, in order to provide freshly brewed coffee. At the same time, the steps of filling a special bag or cartridge, and the steps of cleaning out the same and ground disposal are at the same time eliminated.

The valve is actuated in such a manner that only a predetermined quantity of water flows through the container 11. After the valve is again closed, the cranks '.16 rotate to withdraw the plates 12 from the container 11, and the container may then be disposed of.

As shown in FIG. l, the plates 12 are mounted on backing plates 30 by means of suitable guide pins 31 and are urged toward the can by means of springs 32 which surround the guide pins 31. The nipples 14 and their associated parts are loosely received within suitable openings formed in the backing plates 30 so as not to impede free relative movement of the backing plates 30 and the perforating plates 12. The backing plates 30 are provided with lugs 33 which are connected by suitable pins 34 to the connecting rods 17.

This resilient mounting of perforating plates 12 on backing plates 30 permits unidirectional rotation of the cranks 16 to the end that the mechanism can be operated cyclically and automatically controlled. The cranks 16 are rotated by suitable gearing 3S by means of a motor 36, the elements 35 and 36 providing the desired degree of speed reduction.

Feeding means are shown in FIG. 2 by means of which the containers 11 may be fed into operative position between the plates 12. The feeding means comprises a magazine 40, a rotatably mounted feed wheel 41 having pockets 42, fand a discharge chute 43. Suitable operating means are provided Ito index the feed wheel 41 through 90, so that one of the containers 11a disposed within the magainze 40 may be fed into operative position. At fthe same time `the spent container 11b is discharged into the chute 43.

The shaft of one of `the cranks '16 may be extended to provide a cam shaft 45 for actuating suitable control mechanism 46. The control mechanism controls the motor I36 to operate in success-ive -half cycles, to open and close the valve (not shown) in inlet conduit 23 (when the parts are in the FIG. 3 position), and to index the feed wheel 41 between successive cycles of operation of the extractor 10.

A modified form of perforating p-in 47 is shown in FIG. 6 in which the pin 47 is hollow and may be connected directly to the nipple 14.

The recesses in the perforating surfaces are therefore in the form of narrow slots 48 which provide communicating passageways between the interior of the container 11 and the interior of the lnipple 14.

According to this modification, the seal `between the end walls 19 of the container and the plates 112 may be effected in either one of two ways. According to one method the seal may be between the gasket 15 and the bead 20 Ias pointed out in connection with FIG. 3. According to the other method, the seal may be effected directly `between the gasket -15' and the end wall 19, thus dispensing with the header chambers 21 and 22. According to the latter method, the dimensions of the gasket 15 and the plate 12 are less than the diameter of the container I11, or else the pla-tes 12 are `otherwise relieved at .their Aouter portions to permit the gasket 15 to make physical and sealing contact with the end wall `19 in the area which immediately surrounds the perforating pin 47.

The modified form of construction is preferred in situations wherein there is any possibility that the beads 20 will be dented or otherwise deformed, since such deformation of the bead will interfere with the proper sealing action in the FIG. 3 type of construction. If more than one perforating pin 47 is mounted on a plate 12, a separate nipple 14 is provided for each perforating pin 47 and the inlet or outlet conduits 23 or 24, as the case may be, or both, are suitably branched.

To summarize the operation, which has previously been detailed in connection with the description o-f the various parts and assemblies, after the magazine 40 is loaded with containers 11a, and the feed wheel `41 indexed to bring one of those containers 11 into operative position, the mechanism is prepared for the first cycle of operation. The cycle of operation takes p-lace in two half cycles as indicated above. On the rst half cycle the end walls 19 are perforated, and a suitable seal is automatically effected between the inlet conduit 23 and one end of the container 11, and between outlet conduit 24, and the other end of the container 11. This seal is provided by the gasket 15 which contacts either the bead 20 or the end wall 19. Then the control mechanism 46 first opens and then closes the valve so that a predetermined quantity of hot water may pass through the container 11. The motor 36 then operates through its second half cycle to retract the perfo-rating pins 13 or 47, and then the feed wheel 41 is indexed through 90 to discharge the spent container 11b and to bring a fresh container 11a into operative position.

The interval between the first and second hal-f cycles may be determined by either suitable timing mechanism or by means of a high level water level switch in the reservoir. The harmonic motion provided by the cranks 16 together with the resilient mounting of the perfo-rating plates 12 permits sufcient movement of the cam shaft 45 to operate the valve cam without breaking the seal. The beginning of the first half cycle may also be initiated automatically, as by the provision of a low level water level switch in the reservoir.

Thus, according to the present invention it is possible to provide freshly brewed coffee, in the sense that the extraction is effected without exposing the coffee bean to the oxidizing action of the air for any appreciable length of time subsequent to the grinding of the bean. In other words, immediately after grinding, the ground coffee bean is sealed in a metal can of the vacuum type according to the usual practice. Then, Without further exposing the ground coffee to the atmosphere, the coffee within the container or can is extracted, the concentration being `determined by the quantity of hot water which is forced through the ground coffee within the container. There is no problem of grounds disposal because at the conclusion of the extracting operation, the grounds remain within the container, and the container is merely discarded. Furthermore, it has been found that there is no substantial amount of free liquid within the container at the conclusion of the operation, since the coffee grounds absorb most of the liquid remaining in the interstices of the coffee grounds, and the remainder is apparently dissipated by evaporation almost instantaneously due to the elevated temperature of the water and the materials surrounding the same. Thus, the spent containers 11b, which collect in a suitable receptacle below a discharge chute 43, are not resting in a puddle of water which would cause objectionable odors. As a matter of fact, since the only contact between the spent grounds and the atmosphere is restricted to the relatively small area adjacent each of the relatively few perforations in the container, there is practically no disagreeable odor whatsoever with the result that the present invention is particularly Well adapted for use in automatic coffee vending machines which are able to be serviced only at intervals of one or two days.

Although only preferred embodiments of our invention have been shown and described Iherein, it will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made in the method shown without departing from the spirit of our invention as pointed out in the appended claim.

We claim:

In the method of making coee which involves the use of a fluid circuit having a confined pressure extracting zone which is capable of withstanding the pressure of the Water passing through the same, and forcing hot water through coffee grounds contained in said extracting zone, the steps of packing the coffee in a rigid container when freshly ground and sealing same in order to maintain the freshly ground coffee out of contact with oxygen until immediately prior to the extracting operation, and constituting said original rigid container as the said confined pressure extracting zone, which latter includes the steps of piercing the same, and connecting the pierced container into said fluid circuit while utilizing the rigidity of said container to effect a sealed connection in said uid circuit.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,377,316 Clermont May 10, 1921 2,243,896 Brown June 3, 1941 2,710,115 Chandler June 7, 1955 2,899,886 Rodth Aug. 18, 1959 

